Why Oblomov's dream is a figurative and semantic key to understanding the entire novel. Why the head of Oblomov's dream is the center of the novel

I. A. Goncharov called "Oblomov's Dream" the "overture" of the entire novel. "Oblomov's Dream" first appeared as "an episode from an unfinished novel." The picture drawn by Goncharov can be perceived as a kind of allegory: Oblomovka is a very bright and complete personification of “sleep, stagnation, motionless, dead life". How did the “dear Oblomovites” influence the life of a healthy, gifted, lively, observant and impressionable boy?

It may very well be that in favorable conditions Ilyusha would have achieved great success in life. But he was constantly told that he was a gentleman, that he had “Zakhar and 300 more Zakharovs.” When Zakhar pulls stockings on Ilyusha, the boy “only knows that he is laying down one or the other leg; and if something seems wrong to him, then he will give in to Zakharka with his foot in the nose. Such an upbringing killed Ilyusha's initiative and natural liveliness. Any attempt by the boy to do something himself was immediately stopped: “Father and mother, and three aunts in five voices and shout: - Why? Where? What about Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka? Hey! Vaska! Vanka! Zaharka! What are you looking at, bro? Here I am!”

Parents did not care that the boy got the right idea about the world around him. This idea he developed mainly but his nanny's stories. Some of these stories (about the dead and about various monsters) horrified Ilyusha, developed in him a fear of life. They so influenced the impressionable boy that "imagination and mind, imbued with fiction, remained in his slavery until old age." Already an adult, Ilya Ilyich understood that in life there are no such miracles that he was told about in childhood, but nevertheless “he always has the disposition to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made unearned dress, eat at the expense of a good sorceress,” and he "unconsciously sad at times, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale."

Gradually, Ilyusha begins to come to the conclusion that it is necessary to live the way the people around him live. Apathy, laziness, lack of will began to develop in him. Oblomovka extinguished in him any desire for knowledge. How do they live, how do the owners of Oblomovka spend their time? “Oblomov himself is an old man, too, not without work,” says Goncharov with irony. What are these classes? “He sits all morning and strictly observes everything that is done in the yard.” The economy, meanwhile, is gradually falling into decay. The clerk, taking advantage of the carelessness and mismanagement of Oblomov Sr., appropriates a significant part of the income. At the same time, the master does not even know what income his estate brings. However, to check the clerk, you need to work hard, and work in Oblomovka is considered a punishment. And there is nothing surprising that Ilya Oblomov, who inherited the "talent of managing" from his father, does not know how to count money and thinks with childish naivety that the headman of Oblomovka will give as much money as necessary.

Ilyusha's mother is also busy with "business": she devotes all her free time from sleep to choosing dishes for breakfast, lunch and dinner. This occupation was so important that they conferred with the whole house. And nothing surprising, because "concern for food was the first and main concern of life in Oblomovka."

Ilyusha was not loaded with studies. So that he would not be exhausted and did not lose weight, he was often allowed to skip classes at the boarding school. The reasons were very different. For example, if pancakes were baked in the house, then there was no need to go to the boarding house. When he nevertheless went to class, he taught the assigned lessons no further than “the line under which the teacher, assigning a lesson, drew a line with his fingernail.” Ilyusha's parents saw education primarily as a benefit. Those who had it received ranks and awards, made money faster. And since the Oblomovites had enough of what they had, then, in their opinion, there was no need to study.

The impact on Ilyusha of the Oblomov environment was so strong and deep that it could no longer be eradicated. Ilya was more and more seized by laziness and apathy, he did not have the strength to fight them. When he studied at the university, a desire to achieve a position in society suddenly flared up in him, bright hopes appeared. But the period of spiritual uplift was short-lived.

The first collisions with life, the first difficulties frightened Oblomov. The service required energy and labor. After serving somehow for two years, Ilya Ilyich resigned. Oblomov began to gradually shut himself off from the world. He "said goodbye to a crowd of friends" and less and less often left the house. Thus, it becomes obvious: everything that Ilyusha saw in childhood made him the way we meet him in the apartment on Gorokhovaya.

Oblomov's dream takes us to the region where he grew up, to the village of Oblomovka. In Oblomovka, a person lives comfortably and feels protected. Nothing there excites the human consciousness, harmony reigns in everything.

Undoubtedly, the nature of that blessed corner of the earth, that wonderful region - Oblomovka, had a great influence on the broad and gentle character of Ilya Ilyich.
The sky that seems closer to the ground to protect the chosen corner from all sorts of adversity”; the sun that shines brightly and hotly there for about half a year and then slowly, as if reluctantly, moves away from there”; those soft outlines of gentle hills, “ from which it is pleasant to ride, frolicking, on your back or sitting on them, to look in thought at the setting sun”; that slow unhurried flow of lowland rivers, which “ sometimes they spill into wide ponds, sometimes they strive with a fast thread, sometimes they crawl a little over the pebbles, as if thinking”.
Nature here, like an affectionate mother, takes care of the silence, the measured calm of a person's whole life. And with it, at the same time, a special “way” of peasant life with a rhythmic succession of everyday life and holidays. And even thunderstorms are not terrible, but beneficial there: they " are constantly at the same fixed time, almost never forgetting Ilyin's day, as if in order to support a well-known tradition among the people ”. There are no terrible storms or destruction in that region. The stamp of unhurried restraint also lies on the characters of people brought up by Russian mother nature.
It was this wonderful Russian nature that contributed to the development in Ilyusha of such qualities as humanity, kindness, and responsiveness.
The formation of Oblomov's personality was also strongly influenced by his upbringing. That boundless love and affection, with which he was surrounded and cherished from childhood, was given to Ilyusha by his mother. She is " showered him with passionate kisses”, looked“ with greedy, caring eyes, if his eyes were cloudy, if something hurts, if he slept peacefully, if he woke up at night, if he rushed about in a dream, if he had a fever.
“The mother will take Ilyusha's head, put it on her knees and slowly comb his hair, admiring its softness and forcing others to admire it, talking to them about the future of her son, making him the hero of some brilliant epic she created”.
Probably, this excessive love of the mother had a detrimental effect on Oblomov. But it was she who brought up the main features of the national character in the hero. Although a nanny also appeared in Ilyusha's life, who also played a huge role in the formation of his personality. She often told him fairy tales, various legends, epics, fictional stories. Nanny whispered to him about some unknown side, “ where there are neither nights nor cold, where miracles are performed, where rivers of honey and milk flow, and where no one does anything all year round”.
But these stories and fairy tales subsequently had a detrimental effect on Ilyusha. From childhood, the boy's imagination was inhabited by strange ghosts, fear and longing settled down for a long time, perhaps forever, in his soul. When he became an adult, and now still, “ left in a dark room or seeing a dead person, he trembles from the ominous longing instilled in his soul in childhood". And everyone dreams of that magical side, where there is no evil, trouble, sadness, and where nothing needs to be done...
Labor was the main enemy of the inhabitants of Oblomovka. They are " they endured it as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, and where there was a case, they always got rid of it, finding it possible and proper". Such an attitude to work was also brought up in Ilyusha. The desire for independence, young energy was stopped by the friendly cries of the parents:
“What are the servants for??”. Soon the hero himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient.
He was surrounded by the excessive cares of his mother, who made sure that the child ate well and did not overwork while studying with I. B. Stolz. She believed that education is not such an important thing, for which you need to lose weight, lose your blush and skip the holidays. Of course, Oblomov's parents understood the importance and necessity of education, but they saw it only as a means of promotion.
These are the conditions under which the apathetic, lazy and difficult nature of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov developed. He was afraid of any difficulties, he was too lazy to make even the slightest effort to solve not great, but the most pressing problems. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the people who were entrusted with the case. He did not even allow the thought of the possibility of deception: elementary prudence, not to mention practicality, was completely absent in Oblomov's nature.
Note

· People with patriarchal consciousness live in Oblomovka. " The norm of life was taught to them ready-made by their parents, and they accepted it, also ready-made, from grandfather, and grandfather from great-grandfather ... As what was done under the fathers and grandfathers, so it was done under the father of Ilya Ilyich, so, perhaps, it is being done now in Oblomovka". That is why any manifestation of personal will and interests, even the simplest, like a letter, fills the souls of the Oblomovites with horror. Oblomov's dream has great importance in the text. The origins of Oblomov's soul are revealed to us, we learn about how the formation of Oblomov's personality went. This is how we see the stages of development of an inferior personality, which is one example of how an unfavorable environment destroys the best human qualities in their prime. And in order to understand this, you need to turn to the origins of personality formation: to childhood, upbringing, environment, and, finally, to the education received.

Essay text:

I really love the novel by I. A. Goncharov Oblomov, and one of my favorite chapters is Oblomov's Dream. It seems to me that this is one of the most poetic and tender scenes in the novel. About every description of nature, every word spoken by the inhabitants of Oblomovka, breathes some kind of negligence, affection and kindness. True, this dream also explains why the fate of the protagonist has developed as it is described in the novel. If this chapter had not been in the novel, I think more than one generation would have been lost in conjectures why Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, a man of thirty-two or three years old, spent whole days lying on the sofa, with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in facial features. I. A. Goncharov called Oblomov's Dream the overture of the whole novel. Oblomov's dream first appeared as an episode from an unfinished novel. Goncharov emphasized that in this short work he outlined the main motive of "Oblomovism". In what and how was this motive expressed? Goncharov saw that Oblomovism was inseparable from serfdom. The picture drawn by Goncharov can be perceived as a kind of allegory: Oblomovka is a very bright and complete personification of sleep, stagnation, motionless, dead life. How did the dear Oblomovites influence the life of a healthy, gifted, lively, observant and impressionable boy? Little Ilyusha Oblomov was a very mobile and inquisitive child. It was boring for him to repeat prayers after his mother for a long time. His living nature demanded movement, and energy output. It is very possible that under favorable conditions Ilyusha would have achieved great success in life. But upbringing in a serf system suppressed in the boy all the good that was in him. He was constantly told that he was a gentleman, that he had Zakhar and 300 more Zakharovs. When Zakhar pulls stockings on Ilyusha, the boy only knows that he is laying out one leg, then the other leg; and if something seems wrong to him, then he will succumb to Zakharka with his foot in the nose. Such an upbringing killed Ilyusha's initiative and natural liveliness. Any attempt by the boy to do something himself was immediately stopped: Father and mother, and three aunts in five voices and shout: Why? Where? What about Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka? Hey! Vaska! Vanka! Zaharka! What are you looking at, bro? Here I am you! Parents did not care that the boy got the right idea about the world around him. This idea he developed mainly from his nanny's stories. Some of these stories (about the dead and about various monsters) horrified Ilyusha, developed in him a fear of life. They so influenced the impressionable boy that his imagination and mind, imbued with fiction, remained in his slavery until old age. Already an adult, This text is intended only for private use - Ilya Ilyich understood that in life there are no such miracles that he was told about in childhood, but still he always has the disposition to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made unearned dress, eat for account of a good sorceress and he is unconsciously sad at times, why a fairy tale is not life, and life is not a fairy tale. Gradually, Ilyusha begins to come to the conclusion that it is necessary to live the way the people around him live. Apathy, laziness, lack of will began to develop in him. Oblomovka extinguished in him any desire for knowledge. How do I live, how do the owners of Oblomovka spend their time? Oblomov himself, the old man, is also not without work, Goncharov says with irony. What are these classes? He sits all morning and strictly observes everything that is done in the yard. The economy, meanwhile, is gradually falling into decay. The clerk, taking advantage of the carelessness and mismanagement of Oblomov Sr., appropriates a significant part of the income. At the same time, the master does not even know what income his estate brings. However, to check the clerk, you need to work hard, and work in Oblomovka is considered a punishment. And there is nothing surprising that Ilya Oblomov, who inherited the talent of managing from his father, does not know how to count money and thinks with childish naivety that the headman of Oblomovka will give as much money as necessary. Ilyusha's mother is also busy: she devotes all her free time from sleep to choosing dishes for breakfast, lunch and dinner. This occupation was so important that they conferred with the whole house. And nothing surprising, because taking care of food was the first and main concern in Oblomovka. Ilyusha was not loaded with studies. So that he would not be exhausted and did not lose weight, he was often allowed to skip classes at the boarding school. The reasons were very different. For example, if pancakes were baked in the house, then there was no need to go to the boarding house.
When he nevertheless went to class, he taught the assigned lessons no further than the line under which the teacher, assigning a lesson, drew a line with his fingernail. Ilyusha's parents saw education primarily as a benefit. Those who had it received ranks and awards, made money faster. And since the Oblomovites had enough of what they had, then, in their opinion, there was no need to study. The impact on Ilyusha of the Oblomov environment was so strong and deep that it could no longer be eradicated. Ilya was more and more seized by laziness and apathy, he did not have the strength to fight them. When he studied at the university, a desire to achieve a position in society suddenly flared up in him, bright hopes appeared. But the period of spiritual uplift was short-lived. The first collisions with life, the first difficulties frightened Oblomov. The service required energy and labor. After serving somehow for two years, Ilya Ilyich resigned. Oblomov began to gradually shut himself off from the world. He said goodbye to a crowd of friends and less and less left the house. Thus, it becomes obvious: everything that Ilyusha saw in childhood made him the way we meet him in the apartment on Gorokhovaya. I really sympathize with Oblomov, he is very nice to me. I'm sorry his life turned out this way. When I read the novel, I wanted to return Oblomov to childhood, so that he would again become little Ilyusha, but that his childhood would be completely different. He could then have remained energetic and inquisitive, would have received a good education, and life would have been f*cking joy to him. His gaze would not be clouded by an expression as if tired or bored, he would have interesting activities, he would read a lot and communicate with interesting people. But OSlomovka did her job, she most perniciously influenced the whole future life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

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Essay on literature.

Dream in hand.
Proverb.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was fully published in 1859 and aroused great interest among readers. This was explained not only by the artistic talent of the author, but also by the timeliness of the work. It reflects pernicious influence on a person of his inaction, the lulling of all aspirations and forces. The writer does not try to explain the reasons for such apathy; the impressions of the author himself in the novel are rare. Calmly and thoughtfully, Goncharov describes the subject that interested him, and, having completed the narrative, gives the reader the right to freely discuss the depicted.

A room appears before our inner gaze, in which “a man of about thirty”, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, is constantly lying on the sofa. Clever and honest, who has not lost moral values, he comes to the understanding that all his spiritual strength is “buried in him, as in a grave” and has not been used. "Why am I like this?" the hero asks himself. The answer to this question is contained in the XIX chapter of the novel - the famous "Oblomov's Dream".

To show the connection between the environment and the person, circumstances and character, literature refers to the childhood and years of upbringing of its heroes. "Oblomov's Dream", which tells about how Oblomov grew up, reveals the reasons for Oblomovism, explains why Ilya Ilyich became the way he is depicted at the beginning of the novel.

Landscape plays an important role in the description of Oblomovka. Nature ... refuses everything "wild and grandiose" ... The life of the Oblomovites is likened to nature, it is predictable and monotonous. They want one thing: that one day be like another... The afternoon nap becomes a symbol of the life of the Oblomovites - matter prevails over consciousness. The only form of spiritual life in Oblomovka is immersion in the world of fairy tales and legends. Such an outlook cannot develop in a person the ability for practical activity, but cultivates thoughtful contemplation. Life passes by the Oblomovites, and they can only "watch it."

Oblomovka fences itself off from the outside world with all its might, so relations with it are reduced to a minimum ... Subsistence farming does not require “quick and live circulation” of money, therefore “the only use of capital is to keep them in a chest” is learned so firmly that Oblomovites with great difficulty part with money... But in general, they are not stingy and willingly share what they produce themselves...

A large patriarchal family, everyone "knows each other as themselves"...

The author reveals the internal content of the episode through detailed descriptions. Goncharov knows how to stop a moment that particularly struck him with something - and disassemble it completely, examine it from all sides, and present it to the reader in its original form. All the details of the novel are considered very clearly, and this allows a deeper understanding of its meaning.

"Oblomov's Dream" has a special meaning in the structure of the novel. The second epilogue shows that the defining word in the work is Oblomovism. It is the ninth chapter that reveals its causes, which takes the work to a new level. Goncharov not only showed us a phenomenon from real life, but also revealed the path of its occurrence. The ninth chapter serves as a key to the rest of the novel. Having mastered it, you can understand how to deal with Oblomovism. And is it necessary?

I. A. Goncharov called "Oblomov's Dream" the "overture" of the entire novel. "Oblomov's Dream" first appeared as "an episode from an unfinished novel." The picture drawn by Goncharov can be perceived as a kind of allegory: Oblomovka is a very bright and complete personification of "sleep, stagnation, motionless, dead life." How did the “dear Oblomovites” influence the life of a healthy, gifted, lively, observant and impressionable boy?

It is very possible that under favorable conditions Ilyusha would have achieved great success in life. But he was constantly told that he was a gentleman, that he had “Zakhar and 300 more Zakharovs.” When Zakhar pulls stockings on Ilyusha, the boy “only knows that he is laying down one or the other leg; and if something seems wrong to him, then he will give in to Zakharka with his foot in the nose. Such an upbringing killed Ilyusha's initiative and natural liveliness. Any attempt by the boy to do something himself was immediately stopped: “Father and mother, and three aunts in five voices and shout: - Why? Where? What about Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka? Hey! Vaska! Vanka! Zaharka! What are you looking at, bro? Here I am!”